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oldest viable seed
There are several candidates for the oldest viable seed:
==Carbon dated==
*The oldest carbon-14-dated seed that has grown into a viable plant was ''Silene stenophylla'' (narrow-leafed campion), an Arctic flower native to Siberia. Radiocarbon dating has confirmed an age of 31,800 ±300 years for the seeds. In 2007, more than 600,000 frozen mature and immature seeds were found buried in 70 squirrel hibernation burrows below the permafrost near the banks of the Kolyma River. Believed to have been buried by Arctic ground squirrels, the mature seeds had been damaged to prevent germination in the burrow, however, three of the immature seeds contained viable embryos. Scientists extracted the embryos and successfully germinated plants in vitro which grew, flowered and created viable seeds of their own. The shape of the flowers differed from that of modern S. stenophylla with the petals being longer and more widely spaced than modern versions of the plant. Seeds produced by the regenerated plants germinated at a 100% success rate, compared with 90% for modern plants. Calculations of the γ radiation dose accumulated by the seeds since burial gave a reading of 0.07 kGy, the highest maximal dose recorded for seeds that have remained viable.〔Kaufman, Rachel (32,000-Year-Old Plant Brought Back to Life—Oldest Yet ) National Geographic Society News February 21, 2012〕〔(Plant grown from 30,000 year-old seeds ) ABC Science February 22, 2012〕
*The oldest mature seed that has grown into a viable plant was a Judean date palm seed about 2,000 years old, recovered from excavations at Herod the Great's palace on Masada in Israel. It was germinated in 2005. (''For more details refer to Judean date palm: Germination of 2000-year-old seed'').
*The third oldest viable seed recorded is the carbon-14-dated 1,300-year-old sacred lotus (''Nelumbo nucifera''), recovered from a dry lakebed in northeastern China in 1995.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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